Literature Review of Rare Sigmoid Lymphoma and Its Association with Common Infections and Current Treatment Recommendations

John Muhonen II*, Anthony Unger, MichaelHsu, Christopher Esper and Pablo Giuseppucci

Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, USA

^*Correspondance to: John Muhonen II 

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Abstract:

Objective: Perform a literature review of sigmoid MALT lymphoma, suspected causative pathogens,
treatment modalities, and surveillance guidelines.
Background: MALT lymphomas non-gastric locations have its greatest occurrence within the
cecum, rectum, and ascending colon. They have been associated with chronic inflammatory states
such as H. Pylori and other diseases. However, due to the rarity of sigmoid MALT lymphoma,
no infectious etiology has been identified as a causative agent. We perform a literature review,
summation of cytologic identification, recommended testing of disease pathogens based upon
location of MALT, and summate current recommendations. Additionally, we provide a second
recorded United States case of sigmoid MALT lymphoma.
Methods: In August 2018, PubMed was searched for articles investigating sigmoid colon MALT
lymphoma. Key terms searched include: Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, MALT, Sigmoid
Lymphoma, Extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Due to sigmoid MALT lymphoma rarity, an
expansive search was conducted of MALT within the GI tract to better understand the diagnosis,
histopathology, current surgical and nonsurgical recommendations to potentially elucidate further
treatment modalities for sigmoid MALT lymphoma.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of alternative, non-operative non-gastric MALT lymphoma treatment
has not yet been established. Direct correlations between various micro organisms and inflammatory
agents indicate further research is necessary. H. pylori testing is warranted given previous research
has shown its eradication has resulted in resolution of the lymphoma disease process within other
portions of the GI tract to include non-gastric locations. More data in the form of case reports,
clinical studies, and experimental studies are essential to understand the pathogenesis of colorectal
MALT lymphoma, especially those located in the sigmoid. In addition, further guidelines need to be
established in regard to surgical margins given the high incidence of reoccurrence.

Keywords:

Cite the Article:

John Muhonen II*, Unger A, Hsu M, Esper C, Giuseppucci P. Literature Review of Rare Sigmoid Lymphoma and Its Association with Common Infections and Current Treatment Recommendations. World J Surg Surgical Res. 2019; 2: 1170..