A Hospital-Based Prospective Study on Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in the Department of General Surgery

Raju Niraula1*, Ramesh M Tambat2, Ramu Gupta1 and Anuja Devkota3

1Nargund College of Pharmacy, India
2JGH, India
3Universal College of Medical Sciences, India

^*Correspondance to: Raju Niraula 

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Abstract:

Introduction: Health Care-Associated Infections (HAI) remain an important public health
concern. Among the distinguished HAIs, Surgical Site Infections (SSL) contributes to significant
increases of mortality and morbidity. Considerable prolongation in the length of hospitalization
and added treatment expenses. Wound infections are the commonest hospital-acquired infections
in surgical patients. Surgical site infection leads to increased hospital costs, prolonged hospital stays,
compromised quality of life. Where appropriate antibiotics at the appropriate time lead to decreased
postoperative infection. Moreover, this will reduce the misuse of antibiotics and antimicrobial
resistance. Almost 30% to 50% of antibiotics in regular practice are used for prophylaxis before
and after surgery. However, most of the antibiotics used in prophylaxis are not appropriate hence
leading to resistance. Most of the time, the antibiotic is either given at the wrong time or continued
for too long.
Aims and Objectives:
1. To evaluate the pattern of antimicrobial prophylaxis in general surgery.
2. To evaluate the frequency of post-operative infection.
3. To evaluate the prevalence of surgical site infection.
4. Finding and comparing frequency of risk factors, incidence of SSI, type of antibiotics used.
Results: 180 patients undergoing surgeries participated in the study. Majority of the prescriptions
were of females (51.11%) compared to males (48.89%). The incidence of SSI was similar to both
male (5.45%) and female (5%) in general surgery Staphylococcus aureus (52%) and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (15.79%) are found to be the most common microorganism causes SSI. Increased
chances of infection were due to associated risk factors like DM, HTN, and Anemia eye. Patients
with advanced age >50 years) were most susceptible to SS rather than younger age. Infected patients
were treated with more than two numbers of antibiotics where none infected with single or double
antibiotics. Hospital stays increase with incidences of SSI.
Conclusion: The study clearly concluded about the overuse and inappropriate choices of antibiotics.
Hence, our study also suggests following the guidelines for rational use of antibiotics and minimizing
the inappropriate antibiotic use is the best way to minimize the chances of SSI. The health centre
needs to establish prophylactic antibiotics tenet which ought to be open and available by means of
each member of the surgical team. The medical checklist needs to be practiced successfully. Frequent
audit of prophylactic antibiotic use is wanted to enhance right practices. Surgeons must adhere to
specific antibiotics guidelines.

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Cite the Article:

Niraula R, Tambat RM, Gupta R, Devkota A. A Hospital-Based Prospective Study on Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in the Department of General Surgery. World J Surg Surgical Res. 2021; 4: 1274..