Urogenital Vascular Anomaly: A Cadaveric Case Study

Talia Swanke, Aliea M. Jalali, Kennedy Birdsey, Jared Michaels and Carlos Angulo

Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA

^*Correspondance to: Kennedy Birdsey 

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Abstract:

Introduction: The kidneys are bilateral filtration organs that are perfused by the right and left renal artery. The presence of multiple renal arteries are anatomical variations, with varying health implications and outcomes. The current literature varies in classification methods, with no classification method fully encompassing all variations. This makes it necessary to utilize multiple classification systems. This report utilizes the Cases et al. classification system to classify the renal artery variations. To classify the testicular artery variations, the Machnicki and Notkovitch classifications were used. Materials and Methods: A cadaveric dissection at Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine presented with abnormal urogenital vascular findings. A standard ruler was used to measure the length and width of each artery in situ. All measurements were recorded in centimeters by three observers. A camera was utilized to document findings. The renal artery data was classified by the Cases system, which separates renal arteries by origin and insertion points, and the number of renal accessory arteries (RAA) present. The testicular artery data was classified by the Machnicki and Notkovitch systems which identifies variations based on origination and course. Results: Upon dissection, a 67-year-old male donor presented with five renal arteries, and two testicular artery variations. There was one RAA on the right and two RAAs on the left. The right and left renal arteries originated from the abdominal aorta at the L2 level and inserted at the renal hilum. The right RAA originated 3 cm superior to the abdominal aortic bifurcation and inserted at the inferior pole of the right kidney. One of the left RAAs originated from the left renal artery and inserted into the superior pole of the left kidney and the other left RAA originated at the abdominal aorta, 4.4 cm superior to the abdominal aortic bifurcation and inserted into the inferior pole of the left kidney. An early bifurcation of the renal arteries was noted bilaterally. The right testicular artery originated from the right renal artery and bifurcated 3.8 cm below the origin. The left testicular artery originated from the aorta, above the renal vein. Conclusion: Multiple urogenital vascular anomalies were discovered in a cadaver during a dissection lab at Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine. According to the Cases system, the right kidney had a Type D, Pattern II classification. The left kidney had Type B and D, Pattern III classifications. According to the Machnicki classification system, the right testicular artery is Type B. According to the Notkovitch classification system, the left testicular artery is Type II.

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Cite the Article:

Swanke T, Jalali AM, Birdsey K, Michaels J, Angulo C. Urogenital Vascular Anomaly: A Cadaveric Case Study. World J Surg Surgical Res. 2025; 8: 1610..